![]() ![]() Chakri who was on war duty marched back from Cambodia and deposed Taksin, who was purportedly 'secretly executed' shortly after. The rebels, who had popular support, offered the throne to General Chakri, the 'supreme general'. In 1782 Taksin sent his armies under Chakri, the future Rama I of Rattanakosin, to invade Cambodia, but while they were away a rebellion broke out in the area around the capital. The foreign observers began to speculate that he would soon be overthrown. ![]() He was also in troubles with the court officials, Chinese merchants, and missionaries. He seems to have developed a religious mania, alienating the powerful Buddhist monk-hood by claiming to be a sotapanna or divine figure. In 1778, Chakri led a Siamese army which captured Vientiane and Luang Phrabang, a northern Lao kingdom, and eventually established Siamese domination over Laotian kingdoms.ĭespite these successes, by 1779 Taksin was in political trouble at home. Taksin's leading general in this campaign was Thong Duang, known by the title Chaophraya or Lord Chakri was himself a descendant of Mon people. Having secured his base in Siam, Taksin attacked the Burmese in the north in 1774 and captured Chiang Mai in 1776, permanently uniting Siam and Lanna. He then marched south and re-established Siamese rule over the Malay Peninsula as far as Penang and Terengganu. He re-united the central Thai heartlands under his rule, and in 1769 he also occupied western Cambodia. Initially based at Chanthaburi in the southeast, within a year, he had defeated the Burmese occupation army and reestablished a Siamese state with its capital at Thonburi on the west bank of the Chao Phraya, 20 km from the sea. The resistance to Burmese rule was led by a noble of Chinese descent, Taksin, a military leader. Despite its complete defeat and subsequent occupation, Siam made a rapid recovery. ![]() In 1767, after dominating Southeast Asia for almost four centuries, Ayutthaya was brought down by the Burmese Konbaung dynasty. Main articles: Thonburi Kingdom, Taksin, and History of Bangkok 5.2 Burney Treaty and consequences: 1826–1855.2.1.3 Eastern fronts: Laos, Cambodia, and Vietnam.However, the failure to implement substantial political reforms culminated in the 1932 revolution and the abandonment of absolute monarchy in favor of a constitutional monarchy. Economic and social progress was made, marked by an increase in foreign trade, the abolition of slavery and the expansion of formal education to the emerging middle class. Internally the kingdom developed into a modern centralized nation state with borders defined by interactions with Western powers. The second period was one of engagements with the colonial powers of Britain and France in which Siam remained the only Southeast Asian state to maintain its independence. The first half of this period was characterized by the consolidation of the kingdom's power and was punctuated by periodic conflicts with Burma, Vietnam and Laos. The kingdom was founded by Rama I of the Chakri Dynasty. The maximum zone of influence of Rattanakosin included the vassal states of Cambodia, Laos, Shan States, and the northern Malay states. ![]() This article covers the period until the Siamese revolution of 1932. It was founded in 1782 with the establishment of Rattanakosin ( Bangkok), which replaced the city of Thonburi as the capital of Siam. The Rattanakosin Kingdom ( Thai: อาณาจักรรัตนโกสินทร์, RTGS: Anachak Rattanakosin, pronounced ( listen), or shortened to, รัตนโกสินทร์, Thai pronunciation: ), or known as Siam ( Thai: สยาม) is the fourth and present Thai kingdom in the history of Thailand, which was formerly known as Siam until 1939, and briefly in 1946. ![]()
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